The IT Infrastructure Library (ITIL) is a very widely accepted approach to IT service management and comprises a set of concepts and practices for Information Technology Services Management (ITSM), Information Technology (IT) development and IT operations. The ITIL framework has been drawn from both the public and private sectors internationally.The names ITIL and IT Infrastructure Library are registered trademarks of the United Kingdom's Office of Government Commerce (OGC). Due to growing dependence on IT, the UK Government's Central Computer and Telecommunications Agency (CCTA) developed a set of recommendations in the 1980’s. It recognized that without standard practices, government agencies and private sector contracts were independently creating their own IT management practices. In April 2001 the CCTA was merged into the Office of Government Commerce (OGC), which is an office of the UK Treasury.

The earliest version of ITIL was called GITIM, Government Information Technology Infrastructure Management. Then, in 2001, version 2 of ITIL was released. Finally in May 2007, ITIL Version 3(ITIL V3) was launched.

The Changes brought about in ITIL V3:

1.     ITIL V2-V3 has 4 high level evolutions identified
        a.    Alignment To Integration
        b.    Change Value Management To Value Service Desk Integration
        c.    Linear Service Catalogues - Dynamic Service Portfolios
        d.    Collection of Integrated Processes - Service Management Lifecycle

2.    The key concepts of Service Support and Service Delivery processes have been preserved in ITIL v3. They have, however, been augmented with 12 new processes.

3.    A consolidation of the library into five books, comprising-
       a.    Service Strategy
       b.    Service Design
       c.    Service Transition
       d.    Service Operation
       e.    And Continual Service Improvement

4.    Emphasis on creating business value versus simply improving the execution of processes.

5.    ITIL v2’s Service Support book identified the service desk as the lone function. Three other functions in addition to the service desk are identified in ITIL v3:
       a.    Technology Management,
       b.    IT Operations Management
       c.    Application Management
 
6.    Amongst the key changes you’ll see in ITIL V3 is a wholesale shift towards a service-driven lifecycle approach and guidance which aims to be more prescriptive. Emphasis on service management through the entire service lifecycle. Continual Service Improvement (CSI) explains the use of process improvement models and identifies metrics to support improvements. Where ITIL V2 outlined what should be done to improve processes, ITIL V3 explains clearly how you should go about doing it.

7.    Another key ITIL V3 addition is demonstrating return on investment to the business. This was one of the most frequent requests from the industry consultations, carried out as part of the version three projects.

Conclusion:

Although a significant amount has changed, there’s no reason to abandon the ITIL v2 just yet. If your organization is in the middle of an ITIL v2 implementation, it is not required to switch midway. Yet again, if your organization has not yet embarked on its ITIL journey, there is no reason not to start with the latest.

Cloud Computing is the technology which is used to access services, resources, software and information offered in the internet cloud. All of the services which are offered in the internet cloud are shared amongst the users and are hence provided to all the different computers and other devices on-demand.

Most of the time, servers don't run at full capacity. That means there's unused processing power going to waste. It's possible to fool a physical server into thinking it's actually multiple servers, each running with its own independent operating system. The technique is called server virtualization. Thus, what the cloud is delivering is essentially virtualized services.

History:

The name cloud computing, which was coined in the year 2007, was inspired by the cloud symbol that's often used to represent the Internet in flow charts and diagrams. The term Cloud refers to “Internet” and computing means “to compute/to process”.  It's called cloud computing because the data and applications exist on a "cloud" of Web servers.

Distinct characteristics of Cloud Computing

• Sold on demand - typically by the minute or the hour

• Service is fully managed by the provider (the consumer needs nothing but a personal computer and Internet access)

• Assets in the form of Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS) or even Information as a Service (IaaS).

Advantages:

Better Utilization of resources – By the method of sharing resources over the net, resource is not ‘wasted’. Someone or the other will always be making use of the resource unlike when bought individually.

Benefits for Small and medium sized businesses – Such organizations can instantly obtain the benefits of the enormous infrastructure without having to implement and administer it directly – This permits accessibility to multiple data centers anywhere in the world. It also means that as the need for resources increases, companies can add additional service as and when needed from the cloud computing vendor without having to buy additional hardware.

It is environmentally friendly – It reduces the number of hardware components and replaces them with cloud computing systems thus reducing energy costs for running hardware and cooling as well as reducing carbon dioxide emissions and hence conserves energy.

No direct investment – Organizations need not invest in purchasing software and install them on local machines. They can rent or borrow online software. All of the processing work and file saving will be done "in the cloud" of the Internet, and the users will plug into that cloud every day to do their computer work.

Disadvantages:

Privacy and Security Issues – information stored in the cloud is not only easily accessible by a private litigant or the government. Companies worry over the extent to which the service provider has the right to read — and make public — information that is put in the cloud.

Dependency Issues – Once a Company has adapted to the Cloud, it becomes way too dependent on it. Thus, the cloud becomes the one main database of all the services, information and other resources.

Conclusion:

Cloud computing, all said and done is a technology which holds great potential for the coming future as long as it is implemented carefully. No matter what one’s organizational requirements are cloud services make sense. Even a partial hybrid switch to the cloud may work. Moreover, cloud adoption is certain for an enormous number of organizations.